GLOSSARY

GLOSSARY

GLOSSARY REPORT ONE

This glossary will be complemented with each one of the guides that will be made

Voltage: also called "potential difference" and more familiarly "voltage" is related to the work capacity that an electric charge can perform.

Intensity: is the amount of electricity "electric charge" that circulates through a conductor per unit of time.

Electrocution: occurs when said person dies due to the passage of current through his body.

Ventricular fibrillation: consists of the anarchic movement of the heart, which stops sending blood to the different organs and, even if it is in motion, it does not follow its normal rhythm of functioning.

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Tetanization: we understand the uncontrolled movement of muscles as a result of the passage of electrical energy.

Threshold of perception: Minimum value of intensity that causes a sensation in a person.

Threshold of reaction: Minimum current that produces a muscular contraction.

No-drop threshold: Maximum value of the intensity for which a person can be released from electrodes that cause the current to pass. In alternating current it is considered that this value is 10 mA, for any time of exposure.

Ventricular fibrillation threshold: Minimum value of the intensity that can cause ventricular fibrillation. It decreases substantially when the duration of the current passage extends beyond a cardiac cycle. It is the leading cause of death from electrical accidents.

UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply): It is a source of electrical supply that has a battery in order to continue giving energy to a device in the case of electrical interruption. 

Neuter It is a zero potential cable, that is, it has no electrical charge or voltage. Exactly the same as the ground wire, that's why the current flows and closes the circuit.

Phase This term refers to the active driver, that is, the driver that transports the electric current normally from the network to a socket or switch in our house or office.


Electric discharge Decrease in electrical charge of a body. But that decrease is always equivalent to the passage of charge to another body, which creates an electric current between the two.

GLOSSARY REPORT TWO

Ventilation modes: Relationship between the different types of breathing and the variables that constitute the inspiratory phase of each breath (sensitivity, limit and cycle). Depending on the workload between the ventilator and the patient there are four types of ventilation: mandatory, assisted, spontaneous.

Volume: In volume controlled ventilation mode, a specific volume (circulating or tidal) is programmed to obtain an adequate gas exchange. Usually a tidal volume of 5-10 ml / kg is selected in adults.

Respiratory frequency: It is programmed depending on the ventilation mode, tidal volume, physiological dead space, metabolic needs, level of PaCO2 that the patient should have and the degree of spontaneous breathing. In adults it is usually 8-12 / min.

Flow rate: Volume of gas that the ventilator is able to provide to the patient in the unit of time. It is between 40-100 l / min, although the ideal is the one that covers the patient's demand.

Flow pattern: The fans offer us the possibility to choose between four different types: accelerated, decelerated, square and sinusoidal. It is determined by the flow rate.

Inspiratory time Inspiration-expiration relationship (I: E). 

Time inspiratory is the period that the ventilator has to provide the patient with the tidal volume that we have selected. Under normal conditions it is one third of the respiratory cycle, while the remaining two thirds are for expiration. Therefore the ratio I: E will be 1: 2.

Sensitivity or Trigger: Mechanism with which the ventilator is able to detect the respiratory effort of the patient. Normally it is placed between 0.5-1.5 cm / H2O

FiO2: It is the inspiratory fraction of oxygen that we give to the patient. In the air we breathe is 21% or 0.21. In the MV, the lowest possible FIO2 will be selected to achieve an arterial O2 saturation greater than 90%.

PEEP: Positive pressure at the end of expiration. It is used to recruit or open alveoli that would otherwise remain closed, to increase the average pressure in the airways and thereby improve oxygenation.

Alarm Systems: These provide the ability to control the patient, the circuit and the equipment. They should be precise, simple when programming and interpreting, ideally audible and visual and should inform when the upper or lower limits are exceeded. They can be active, if they automatically activate security mechanisms, or passive, if they only notify.

GLOSSARY REPORT THREE

Cauterization: is a clinical term used to describe the body burn used to extract a part of it. The main forms of cauterization used today are: electrocautery and chemical cauterization.

Electrofulguracion: Procedure that uses electric current to kill cancer cells. The tumor and the surrounding area are burned and then extracted with an acute instrument. It is used for the treatment of superficial precancerous lesions.

Pure wave: The pure wave is the sinusoidal, which delivers the distribution network and is generated by rotating machines (alternators).

Cushioned wave: it is a wave whose amplitude decreases with time eventually reaching zero

Incision: Cut made in a body or surface with a sharp or sharp instrument.

Coagulation: process by which the blood loses its liquidity becoming a gel, to form a clot. This process potentially leads to hemostasis, that is, the cessation of blood loss from a damaged vessel, followed by repair

GLOSSARY REPORT FOUR

Bolus: Amount of liquid in ml that you want to administer to the patient at the maximum rate of infusion.

Flow: Is the result of dividing the total volume in milliliters and the total time in hours and / or minutes, the units given for the flow are milliliters / hour.

Peristaltic Movement: Rhythmic, undulatory and automatic movement performed by different parts of the digestive system to advance food.

Figure 1: Example Movement Peristaltic 

Peristaltic pump: Is a type of positive displacement hydraulic pump used to pump a variety of fluids.

Figure 2: Example Movement Peristaltic Pump

Percursor: It is understood that it is a syringe pump.

Real Time: Is the elapsed time it has taken the infusion pump to administer the liquid corresponding to the actual volume.

Rank: Flow interval, volume or time limited by one minute and a maximum to be programmed.

Total Time: It is the time in hours and / or minutes defined to administer to the patient the corresponding total volume.

Time Remaining: It is the difference between the total time and the real time, in units of time in hours and / or minutes that are lacking in order for the remaining volume to be administered to the patient.

GLOSSARY REPORT FIVE

Phototherapy: It is a treatment for jaundice, which involves placing fluorescent lights on the baby's bed to help disintegrate the bilirubin.

Incubator: It is a special closed cradle with controlled temperature to keep the baby.

Neonate: Is a newborn infant until 6 weeks of age.

Neonatology: Branch of medicine that is responsible for the study and care of the newborn.

Premature delivery: It is when the contractions cause the cervix (the lower opening of the uterus) to thin and open, within three weeks of the estimated date of birth.

Newborn at full term or mature: is one who was born between 37 or 42 weeks of gestation.
Newborn preterm, premature or immature: Is one who was born before 37 weeks of gestation.
Post-term or post-mature newborn: Is one born after 42 weeks of gestation.

GLOSSARY REPORT SIX

Cardiac Wave Form:

Power: source of power is the device that converts alternating current (AC), in one or more continuous currents (DC), which feeds the various circuits of the electronic device to which it is connected

Energy: source of renewable energy that is obtained by the movement of electrical charges that occur inside conductive materials

ECG: graphic representation of the electrical activity of the heart in the function of time, which is obtained, from the body surface, in the chest, with an electrocardiograph in the form of a continuous tape.

Heart frequency: Measure the number of times the heart at the last minute. After 10 years, a person's heart rate should be between 60 and 100 beats per minute while at rest.

Bifasica Wave: Wave composed of two phases of opposite polarity

Monofasica Wave: They discharge unipolar or single-phase current, that is, a single direction of current flow. Within this group there are two waveforms, the monophasic damped sinusoidal in which the current flow returns to zero gradually and the monophasic truncated exponential in which it is electronically terminated before the current flow reaches zero.

Unicameral: a cardiac chamber

Bicameral: two cardiac chambers 

Galvanic resistance of the skin: The galvanic skin response (GSR), also called electrodermal activity (EDA) and skin conductance (SC), is the measure of the continuous variations in the electrical characteristics of the skin, for example the conductance, caused by the variation of the sweating of the human body

GLOSSARY REPORT SEVEN

Electrotherapy: application of energy from the electromagnetic spectrum to the human organism, to generate desired and therapeutic biological responses on the tissues.

Electricity: physical property of matter, consists of that negative, or positive interaction between protons and electrons of matter.

Polarity: property that some physical agents have to accumulate their effects in opposite points of certain bodies.

Current intensity: a magnitude that reflects the level of electricity that a driver passes through in a certain time span.

Frequency: physical phenomenon that repeats cyclically a certain number of times during a second of time, and can range from one to millions of cycles per second or hertz.

Impedance: resistance to the passage of an alternating current.

Power: speed at which energy is consumed.

Anode: electrode with positive charge.

Cathode: negative electrode.

Electrode: end of a conductor in contact with a medium, which leads or receives an electric current.

Pulse width: type of voltage signal used to send information or to modify the amount of energy that is sent to a load.

Biphasic: impulse that deviates in a direction of the isoelectric baseline and then deviates in the opposite direction to the baseline by doing two phases per impulse.

Monofasica: in a direction of the isoelectric baseline and returns to the baseline for a fine amplitude with identical phase characteristics.

Electrophoresis: technique for the separation of molecules according to the mobility of these in an electric field.

Short wave: use for therapeutic purposes of high frequency currents between 10 and 300 megacycles with a wavelength comprised between 30 meters and 1 meter.